PSG has now won the prestigious cup on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times late to seize a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.